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how to Laptop Troubleshooting and Repair - Lenovo

If your laptop doesn't turn on when you hit the power button, the power system is a logical place to begin the troubleshooting process. The laptop power system can be viewed as three separate parts: The A/C adapter that gets plugged into a power outlet on one end and into the laptop on the other end, the laptop motherboard or power regulation daughter card that monitors and distributes power to the laptop components, and the battery. The vast majority of laptops manufactured these days can operate without the battery installed. In some cases, the manufacturers will suggest that you remove the battery and store it somewhere cool if using the laptop in one location for extended periods of time, as in weeks or months.

One of the oddities about troubleshooting laptop power failure as opposed to PC power failure is that the battery gives the laptop an independent power system for as long as the charge lasts. If the PC in your home is plugged into a bad power outlet or its power strip is accidentally switched off you'll quickly figure out why. But if the power strip gets turned off while you are operating your laptop, or a breaker trips, or the local power grid suffers a brown out, you might not even notice until the battery runs down. That's why it's important to not jump to conclusions about laptop battery failures, and to try charging the battery under different conditions before giving up and buying a new one. Just because the battery didn't charge while the laptop was plugged in doesn't mean the battery is bad.

Assuming that the video processor on the motherboard is working properly and sending the LCD instructions as to which colors to allow through in which screen points (pixels), the most common failure for laptop displays is a dead or intermittent inverter. When you can only see a very, very faint image of your operating system desktop on the screen, it means that the video system is working, but the LCD isn't getting any backlighting. The usual culprit if you don't have an LED backlight is the inverter, especially if you didn't note any strange tinting to the laptop display in recent operation, but it's not easy for the do-it-yourselfer to determine with 100% accuracy whether the failure is the CCFL lamp or the inverter.

Some display problems aren't difficult to troubleshoot at all. If you notice an inky stain slowly spreading across your LCD over days or weeks that you can't wipe off, the LCD itself is failing. Dead and stuck pixels often appear on LCDs over time causing point failures in the display. There's nothing you can do to fix them, so just tolerate them if possible. If the laptop is fairly new, the LCD may be under warranty and the manufacturer normally has a specification for how many dead pixels a LCD can accumulate before they have to repair it. Other physical problems that may require LCD replacement are cracks and chips on the surface. Horizontal or vertical lines or swathes of either a single color or dead pixels usually mean the LCD will have to be replaced.
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